Time Line of Recent Discoveries in
Chemokines & HIV co-receptors
|
PUBLICATION DATE
|
MAJOR FINDING
|
AUTHORS
|
| December
1995 |
Beta-chemokines
are major suppressors of M-tropic isolates |
Cocchi,
Gallo |
| April
1996 |
CD4
T-cells from highly exposed but uninfected individuals are resistant to infection with
M-tropic isolates. These same individuals make higher amounts of Beta-chemokines |
Paxton,
Koup |
| May
1996 |
Fusin,
a seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptor, is a co-receptor for entry of
T-cell-tropic isolates of HIV-1. |
Berger |
| June
1996 |
CCR-5
is the second receptor for entry of M-tropic strains of HIV-1.
CCD-3 and CCR-2b in addition to CCR-5 are also used for entry by M-tropic strains of
HIV-1. |
Doms;
Littman; Landau; Moore; Koup, etc.
Sodroski, Gerard |
| August
1996 |
Stromal
cell-Derived Factor-1 (SDF-1) is the ligand for "fusin" (later renamed CXCR-4);
SDF-1 knock-out mouse described.
Absence of the homozygous deleted CCR-5 alleles is reported in seropositive persons. |
Bleul;
Sodroski;
Doms; O'Brien |
| Aug/Sept
1996 |
Individuals
that have a homozygous 32 base-pair deletion in CCR-5 are resistant to sexually
transmitted HIV-1 |
Landau;
Moore; Koup |
| September
1996 |
Disease
progression is slower in selected individuals heterozygous for the CCR-5 gene. The 32
base-pair homozygous CCR-5-deleted alleles are protective against perinatally and sexually
transmitted HIV-1 |
O'Brien |
| October
1996 |
Physical
association of a CD4, gp120 and CXCR-4 on cell membrane is found by immunoprecipitation. |
Lapham |
| November 1996 |
A complex of CD4
and gp120 interact with CCR-5 and the interaction is inhibitable [(in
vitro)] with B-chemokines or neutralizing antibodies to gp120. The CCR-5 binding region on
gp120 is confined to a minimal fragment retaining the CD4 binding site, overlapping
epitopes and V3 [loop].
A monoclonal antibody to CXCR-4 is described. |
Moore;
Koup;Sodroski;
Enders |
