Glossary of Terms
 
Please scroll down through the list to find the particular definition in which you are interested.  You can also click on the highlighted term to return you to the
page on which the term can be found.
Antibody - One of millions of blood proteins, produced by the immune system, that specifically recognizes a foreign
                  substance and initiates its removal from the body.

Amino Acid - An organic compound of the general formula H2N - CHR - COOH, where R can be one of 20 or
                    more named because it has both a basic amino group - NH2, and an acidic carboxyl group - cooh.  Proteins
                    are polymers of amino acids.

CD4 - A protein on the surface of the T-cell which acts as the receptor for the viral envelope protein gp120.

Conformational change- A change in the physical position of atoms in a molecule without changing the makeup
                                            of the molecule.

Glycoprotein-A protein with a oligosaccharide (sugar) attached to it

gp120-A glycoprotein on the surface of the HIV virus that allows it to bind to and eventually infect lymphocyte cells.

Immune System - A system in mammals that recognizes and neutralizes either foreign substances or self substances that
                              have been altered to appear foreign.

Infection - Communication of a disease

Lattice- A regular periodic configuration of atoms throughout a crystalline structure.

Lymph nodes - Specialized tissue regions that act as filters for cells, bacteria, and other foreign matter.

Lymphocyte - A major class of white blood cells - Includes T cells, B cells, and other cell types important in the
                       immune response.

Opportunistic Infection - A disease which waits on favorable opportunities such as a lowered immune defense.

Peptide Bond - The connecting group in a protein chain - CO - NH - formed by removal of water during the linking of
                         amino acids - COOH to NHZ. Also called an amide linkage.

Retrovirus- An RNA virus that contains reverse transcriptase so that it can integrate copies of its DNA into the DNA of the
                   host cell.  The host cell will the be forced to make copies of the virus for the infection of other host cells.

T-Cells - A type of lymphocyte involved in the cellular immune response.  The final stages of its development occur in
               the thymus gland.
 
 Virus- Infections particles composed of nucleic acid and a protein coat that can reproduce only in living cells.
 

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 Group 2
The Biology Project
University of Arizona
Tucson, AZ. 85719